The Types Of Aluminum And Aluminum Alloys

খাঁটি অ্যালুমিনিয়াম

The characteristic of pure aluminum is its low density, which is 2.72g/cm ³, only about one-third of the density of iron or copper. Good conductivity and thermal conductivity, রৌপ্য এবং তামার পরে দ্বিতীয়. অ্যালুমিনিয়ামের রাসায়নিক বৈশিষ্ট্য খুব সক্রিয়.

বাতাসে, the surface of aluminum can combine with oxygen to form a dense Al2O3 protective film, which prevents further oxidation of aluminum. অতএব, অ্যালুমিনিয়ামের বায়ু এবং জলে ভাল জারা প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা রয়েছে, but it cannot resist acid, ক্ষার, এবং লবণের ক্ষয়.

Aluminum has a face centered cubic lattice and good plasticity (d=50%, ψ=80%). It can be processed into profiles such as wires, প্লেট, রেখাচিত্রমালা, and pipes through cold or hot pressure, but its strength is not high, σb＝80MPa， After cold processing, σb＝(150～250)এমপিএ。 So pure aluminum is mainly used to make wires, তারের, তাপ কুন্ড, and daily necessities or alloys that require rust and corrosion resistance but low strength requirements.

Commercial purity aluminum is not as pure as chemical purity aluminum, as it contains impurities such as Fe, এবং, ইত্যাদি. to varying degrees. The more impurities are present in aluminum, the lower its conductivity, তাপ পরিবাহিতা, resistance to atmospheric corrosion, and plasticity.

The grades of industrial pure aluminum in our country are formulated based on the limit of impurities, such as L1 L2、L3……。 L is the first Chinese Pinyin character for “অ্যালুমিনিয়াম”, and the higher the sequence number attached after it, the lower its purity.

অ্যালুমিনিয়াম খাদ

Pure aluminum has low strength and is not suitable as a structural material. To improve its strength, the most effective method is to add alloying elements such as Si, কু, এমজি, Mn, ইত্যাদি. অ্যালুমিনিয়াম খাদ তৈরি করতে (এরোলাইট). These aluminum alloys have high strength, but still have কম ঘনত্বের, বিশেষ করে উচ্চ নির্দিষ্ট শক্তি (i.e. শক্তি সীমা এবং ঘনত্বের অনুপাত), as well as good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.

Classification of Aluminum Alloys

অ্যালুমিনিয়াম অ্যালয়গুলির রচনা এবং উত্পাদন প্রক্রিয়া বৈশিষ্ট্য অনুসারে, they can be divided into two categories: বিকৃত অ্যালুমিনিয়াম অ্যালয় এবং ঢালাই অ্যালুমিনিয়াম অ্যালয়.
When the composition of the alloy is less than D/point, it can form a single-phase solid solution structure when heated, with good plasticity and suitable for pressure processing, hence it is called deformed aluminum alloy.

Aluminum alloys with a composition smaller than the F-point in deformation, whose solid solution composition does not change with temperature and cannot be strengthened by heat treatment, are called heat treatment unreinforced aluminum alloys; An alloy with a composition between F and D/, whose solid solution composition changes with temperature, can be strengthened by heat treatment, hence it is called an aluminum alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment.

Alloys with a composition greater than D/point, low melting point eutectic structure, good flowability, suitable for casting, are called cast aluminum alloys, but not suitable for pressure processing.

Deformable aluminum alloys can also be classified into rust proof aluminum, hard aluminum, ultra hard aluminum, and forged aluminum according to their main performance characteristics.
Casting aluminum alloys can also be classified according to the different main alloying elements: Al Si, Al Cu, Al Mg, Al Zn, ইত্যাদি.

অ্যালুমিনিয়াম খাদ তাপ চিকিত্সা বৈশিষ্ট্য

Aluminum alloys can not only improve their strength through cold deformation work hardening, but also further enhance their strength through heat treatment – “বয়স শক্ত হয়ে যাওয়া” পদ্ধতি.
অ্যালুমিনিয়াম খাদের তাপ চিকিত্সা পদ্ধতি ইস্পাতের থেকে আলাদা. নিভানোর পর, the hardness and strength of steel immediately increase, যখন প্লাস্টিকতা হ্রাস পায়. Aluminum alloys with components between F and D/can be heated to the alpha phase region, insulated, and quenched by water cooling to obtain supersaturated alpha solid solutions at room temperature. Their strength and hardness cannot be immediately increased, but their plasticity is significantly improved. এই প্রক্রিয়াটিকে quenching বা সমাধান চিকিত্সা বলা হয়.

Due to the instability of the supersaturated solid solution obtained after quenching, there is a tendency to precipitate a second phase (শক্তিশালীকরণ পর্যায়). After being left at room temperature for a period of time or heated at low temperatures, atoms have the ability to move within the lattice and gradually transition to a stable state, resulting in a significant increase in strength and hardness, while plasticity decreases. The phenomenon of further strengthening of the alloy after solid solution treatment over time is called “বয়স শক্ত হয়ে যাওয়া” বা “বয়স শক্ত হয়ে যাওয়া”. The aging process carried out at room temperature is called natural aging, while the aging process carried out under heating conditions is called artificial aging.

Deformable aluminum alloy

1. Anti rust aluminum alloy

প্রধান খাদ উপাদান হল Mn এবং Mg. This type of alloy is a single-phase solid solution after forging and annealing, so it has good corrosion resistance and plasticity. The rust proof aluminum grade is represented by the Chinese Pinyin prefix “LF” followed by a sequential number. যেমন LF5, LF11, LF21, ইত্যাদি. এই ধরনের খাদ প্রধানত ঘূর্ণায়মান জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়, ঢালাই, or corrosion-resistant structural components with low loads, such as oil tanks, পাইপ, তারের, light load skeletons, and various household appliances. All kinds of anti rust aluminum alloys are aluminum alloys that cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. To improve the strength of the alloy, cold pressure processing can be applied, যা কাজ শক্ত করতে পারে.

2. হার্ড অ্যালুমিনিয়াম খাদ

Duraluminum is basically an Al Cu Mg alloy with a small amount of Mn. Various types of duralumins can be strengthened by aging, কিন্তু তাদের ক্ষয় প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা কম, বিশেষ করে সমুদ্রের জলে. অতএব, hard aluminum components that require protection are wrapped with high-purity aluminum on the outside to make aluminum coated hard aluminum materials. Hard aluminum grades use the Chinese Pinyin prefix “LY” followed by a sequential number, যেমন LY1 (রিভেট হার্ড অ্যালুমিনিয়াম), LY11 (স্ট্যান্ডার্ড হার্ড অ্যালুমিনিয়াম), এবং LY12 (উচ্চ-শক্তি হার্ড অ্যালুমিনিয়াম).
Hard aluminum is a structural material with high specific strength, which has been widely used in the aviation industry and instrument manufacturing.

3. সুপার হার্ড অ্যালুমিনিয়াম খাদ (এসডি খাদ)

It is an Al Cu Mg Zn alloy, which is made by adding Zn to hard aluminum. This type of alloy is currently the strongest aluminum alloy, with higher specific strength, hence it is called superhard aluminum. The disadvantage is also poor corrosion resistance, which can increase the artificial aging temperature or aluminum coating.
The grade of ultra hard aluminum alloy is represented by the Chinese Pinyin prefix “এলসি” followed by a sequential number. LC4, LC6, ইত্যাদি. are commonly used to manufacture important components with high stress, such as aircraft beams.

4. Forged aluminum alloy

It is an Al Cu Mg Si alloy with a variety of alloying elements, but the content of each element is relatively low, thus it has good thermoplastic and corrosion resistance, and its strength is comparable to that of hard aluminum. After quenching and aging, the strength can be improved.
The grade of forged aluminum alloy is represented by the Chinese Pinyin prefix “এলডি” followed by a sequential number, যেমন LD5, LD7, ইত্যাদি. Due to its excellent forging performance, it is mainly used for forging or forging parts that bear heavy loads on aircraft or diesel locomotives.

Cast aluminum alloy

ঢালাই অ্যালুমিনিয়াম খাদ অনেক ধরনের আছে, among which aluminum silicon alloys have good casting performance, পর্যাপ্ত শক্তি, এবং কম ঘনত্ব, and are widely used, বেশী জন্য অ্যাকাউন্টিং 50% of the total production of cast aluminum alloys. Al Si alloys containing Si (10-13)% are the most typical aluminum silicon alloys, belonging to eutectic composition, commonly known as “silicon aluminum alloys”.

The grade of cast aluminum alloy is represented by the Chinese Pinyin prefix “Z”+Al+other major element symbols and percentage content of the word “cast”. উদাহরণ স্বরূপ, ZAlSi12 represents cast Al Si alloy containing 12% এবং.

The code for the alloy is represented by the Chinese Pinyin prefix “জেডএল” এর “ঢালাই অ্যালুমিনিয়াম” followed by three digits. The first digit represents the alloy category, while the second and third digits indicate the sequence number of the alloy.

Example ZL102 represents the casting aluminum alloy of Al Si series No. 2.
Casting aluminum alloy is generally used to produce parts that are lightweight, জারা প্রতিরোধী, have complex shapes, and have certain mechanical properties. Such as aluminum pistons, instrument housings, water-cooled engine cylinder components, crankcases, ইত্যাদি.