Chiyambi cha mapepala asanu a aluminiyamu ofolera

Matailosi ofolera wamba amaphatikizapo matailosi a simenti, matailosi a fiberglass, mitundu zitsulo matailosi, pepala la aluminiyumu denga,matayala a ceramic, ndi matailosi ofolerera amtundu wakumadzulo omwe amaphatikiza magawo anayi oyamba potengera zinthu, pamodzi amadziwika kuti matayala aku Europe.

Matailosi a simenti

Matailosi a simenti, amadziwikanso kuti matailosi a konkriti, anabadwira mu 1919 pamene matailosi oyambirira a simenti padziko lapansi anakhazikitsidwa kum’mwera kwa England, kusonyeza kubadwa kwa mafakitale atsopano – matailosi simenti. Matailosi a konkire alowa msika waku China kwazaka zambiri. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yayikulu, zadziwika kwambiri ndipo zakhala zofananira ndi matailosi amitundu ya simenti kwa opanga ambiri, omanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi simenti, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa matayala a simenti.

Matailosi apamwamba a simenti amapangidwa ndi kupanga roller, ndi mwa- ndi mankhwala otsika otsika kwambiri amasefedwa kupyolera mu nkhungu zapamwamba pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu. Mankhwalawa ali ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri, mphamvu yapamwamba, mvula yabwino komanso kukana chisanu, Pamwamba, ndi kukula kolondola. Matailosi a simenti amitundu ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Matailosi a simenti odzigudubuza ali ndi mitundu yokhalitsa komanso yotsika mtengo. Ndiwoyenera ku nyumba zonse wamba komanso kutsekemera kwamadzi komanso kutentha kwa nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba zapamwamba komanso nyumba zapamwamba. Choncho, matailosi a simenti achikuda ndi chisankho chatsopano pomanga madera akumidzi atsopano a socialist, madera akumidzi komanso ma projekiti apamwamba a villa.

Gulu la matailosi a simenti

Matailosi a simenti-konkire amaphatikizapo matailosi akumaso (i.e. matailosi akuluakulu), matailosi okwera ndi matailosi osiyanasiyana owonjezera. Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya matailosi akumaso pakadali pano, akhoza kugawidwa makamaka m'magulu atatu, zomwe ndi malata, Matailosi ooneka ngati S ndi matailosi athyathyathya. Malinga ndi kupanga, akhozanso kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: matailosi oponderezedwa ndi matailosi opangidwa.

1. Matayala opangidwa ndi malata ndi arc-arch malata. Ma tiles amalumikizana bwino ndipo amakhala ndi ma symmetry abwino. Matailosi apamwamba ndi apansi amatha kuikidwa osati molunjika, komanso m'njira yolumikizana. Popeza matayala matayala si mkulu, sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati matailosi a nkhope padenga, komanso kukongoletsa makoma pafupi 90 madigiri, ndi sitayilo yapadera.

2. Matailosi ooneka ngati S amatchedwa matailosi aku Spain ku Europe. Amakhala ndi mafunde akulu akulu komanso magawo am'mbali owoneka ngati S. Akutidwa padenga kuti aziwaonera patali. Ma waveform nawonso amamveka bwino, ndipo mphamvu ya mbali zitatu ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa matayala a malata. Matailo ooneka ngati S okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosinthira ndi njira zoyakira zosiyanasiyana sizingangowonetsa mawonekedwe amakono., komanso amawonetsa kukongola kwa zomangamanga zaku China. Mwachitsanzo, matailosi akuda ooneka ngati S amagwiritsidwa ntchito padenga la nyumba za Ming kapena Qing Dynasty, zomwe zili zatsopano komanso zosavuta.

3. Matailosi athyathyathya Mtundu uwu wa matailosi wakhala wotchuka kwambiri ku United States m'mbuyomu 10 zaka ndipo ndi chinthu chosinthidwa cha matailosi a asphalt. Ndi zokongola komanso zafulati. Zikuwoneka ngati matailosi a asphalt patali, koma ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zaluso zikawonedwa pafupi. Mwachitsanzo, mzere uliwonse wa matailosi ukhoza kuikidwa bwino kapena kukonzedwa mokhazikika, motero kupanga masitayelo aluso osiyanasiyana. Poyerekeza ndi matayala a asphalt, ndi wamphamvu ndi wolemera, osaopa mphepo yamphamvu, matalala, ndipo sichapafupi kukalamba. (World Brick and Tile Network) Matailosi athyathyathya amatha kugawidwa kukhala matailosi otsanzira amatabwa-tirigu, kutsanzira miyala yosalala matailosi, Matailosi a Golden Eagle, matailosi awiri akunja athyathyathya ndi matailosi a yin-yang molingana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, motero kupanga mtundu wamitundu yosalala ya matailosi otsetsereka padenga. Pamwamba pa matailosi amwala otsanzira ndi athyathyathya, ndi mitundu yosanganikirana m’thupi lonse ili ngati miyala. Zimafanana ndi khoma lokongoletsedwa ndi “mwala wachikhalidwe” ndipo ndi yosavuta komanso yachangu. Pamwamba-wokutidwa ndi matailosi athyathyathya (wosanjikiza wa phala la simenti wachikuda amapopera pamwamba) si zokongola zokha, komanso yosalala, kotero kuti fumbi ndi dothi sizingakhalebe pamtunda wa matailosi, ndipo mvula iliyonse ndi yoyeretsa padenga. Zida zopangira matayala a konkire zimakhala ndi zosankha zambiri. Pano pali matailosi ozungulira, matabwa a trapezoidal, matailosi a m'mphepete mwa gable (amadziwikanso kuti ma eaves matailosi kapena zitunda za gable), zipewa za flat ridge, zipewa zopindika, zisoti za tiles zam'mphepete (amadziwikanso kuti eaves caps), matailosi a mphezi antenna, matailosi anjira ziwiri, ma tiles a njira zitatu, matailosi anayi okwera, matani tiles, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ngalande, mbale zolumikizira pamphambano ya makoma ndi matailosi, ma eaves othandizira zisoti za matailosi akumaso (nkhope matailosi apansi zipewa), S matailosi akumaso ndi matailosi a fupa Chotsekera mbale (S tile chapamwamba kapu), louvers, ndi zina.

Fiberglass matailosi

Maonekedwe apadera komanso mtundu wa matailosi a fiberglass amatha kufanana ndi masitaelo ambiri omanga. Kaya ndi nyumba zamakono kapena zachikhalidwe, nyumba zogona kapena nyumba zogona, madenga ovuta kapena madenga osavuta, matailosi okongola a magalasi a fiberglass amatha kubweretsa masitayelo apadera omanga. Denga la matailosi amtundu wa fiberglass amatha kukana kukokoloka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nyengo zosiyanasiyana monga kuwala, kutentha ndi kuzizira, mvula ndi kuzizira. Mayeso oyezera moto amakumana ndi mulingo wapadziko lonse wa A-level.

Kuwonjezera pa kukonzedwa ndi fixings, matailosi okongola a magalasi a fiberglass amakhala ndi guluu wodzimatira yekha wopangidwa ndi fomula yapadera. Pamene anakhudzidwa ndi kuwala ndi kutentha ndi kufika ogwira kutentha, zomatira zake zomatira zimayamba kumamatira, kumamatira mwamphamvu matailosi awiriwo, potero kuwongolera kukana kwa mphepo, ndipo amatha kupanga matailosi omangika mwamphamvu kuti apange lonse, kuonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwa denga, ndipo imatha kupirira mphepo yamphamvu kwambiri yopitilira 98km/h.

Matailosi amtundu wa fiberglass amagwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'ono tating'ono ta porcelain totentha kwambiri, zomwe sizidzatha, ndipo denga silichita dzimbiri, malo, moss, ndi zina. chifukwa cha madera ovuta a m'tauni monga mvula ya asidi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ceramic timathandizidwa ndi anti-static treatment, kotero denga silophweka kudziunjikira fumbi ndikupanga madontho oonekera. Ngakhale pansi pa mvula yanthawi yayitali, madontho a madzi sadzaunjikana. Atatsukidwa ndi mvula, zidzawoneka zoyera komanso zowala. Tile yamtundu wa fiberglass yokha imakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, kuyambira 20 ku 50 zaka. Ngati aikidwa bwino, denga la matailosi amtundu wa fiberglass limafunikira chisamaliro chochepa kwambiri kapena osakonza.
Denga lotsetsereka la matailosi owoneka bwino a fiberglass amayambira 10° mpaka 90°, komanso chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa tile ya fiberglass, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthika molingana ndi mawonekedwe a nyumba yovuta. Ikhoza kuikidwa mu conical, ozungulira, madenga opindika ndi ena apadera, ndipo amatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mpanda wa tile, m'mphepete, ndi groove.

Gulu la matailosi a fiberglass

Mtundu umodzi wokhazikika
Ma tiles a fiberglass okhazikika amakhala ndi kukana kolimba komanso kusinthasintha, ndizolimba komanso zosavuta kukhazikitsa. Mitundu yabwino komanso yolemera komanso masitayelo amatsimikizira kuti imagwirizana bwino ndi mtundu wa denga ndi malo ozungulira.

Pawiri-wosanjikiza mtundu muyezo
Ukadaulo watsopano wamapangidwe amitundu iwiri umapangitsa kuti denga lachikhalidwe liwonekere. Kupanga kwake kwapadera kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mpumulo wokongola, ndipo mawonekedwe osakhazikika ndi mitundu yake imagwedezeka, kusonyeza kukongola kwapadera kwachikale.

Mtundu wa Goethe
Mtundu wa Goethe ndi wachilendo komanso woyenera panyumba zachikhalidwe komanso zamakono. Zotsatira zake padenga ndizopadera kwambiri. Maonekedwe osakhazikika komanso osasunthika amawonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mphamvu zopanda malire padenga lanyumba. Ngakhale ndi tile imodzi-wosanjikiza, imatha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe apadera amitundu iwiri. Kumbuyo kumaphimbidwanso kwathunthu ndi guluu, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wautumiki wa chinthucho komanso kukana mphepo.

Mtundu wa sikelo ya nsomba
Matailosi a fiberglass yamtundu wa nsomba amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamadenga osiyanasiyana, monga zozungulira, conical, madenga ooneka ngati chifaniziro ndi madenga ena osakhazikika. Maonekedwe ake apadera amapangitsa denga kukhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu komanso mawonekedwe, kuwonjezera kukongola kopanda malire kumtunda wokhotakhota.

Mtundu wa Mose
Mapangidwe apadera a hexagonal ndi mithunzi yamitundu imapangitsa kuti denga likhale labwino kwambiri. Kumva kwathunthu kwa nyumbayo yokutidwa ndi mtundu wa mosaic ndi wachilendo, wapadera komanso wokongola kwambiri. Ndipo chifukwa chodzimatirira kumbuyo cha mtundu wa mosaic chopangidwa ndi Hongyuan Gulu chimakutidwa ndi guluu, kukana madzi ndi mphepo ya denga kumawonjezeka.

Mtundu wa square
Tile ya square fiberglass ndi yoyenera pamadenga osiyanasiyana. Maonekedwe ake apadera amapatsa matailosi amtundu wapadenga kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amitundu itatu, ndipo ili ndi kukana kolimba komanso kusinthasintha, ndi cholimba ndi yosavuta kukhazikitsa. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa matailosi amtundu wa fiberglass, ndizoyenera nyumba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga mawonekedwe a arc, zozungulira ndi zina padenga mitundu. Matailosi amtundu wa fiberglass amaphatikiza masitayelo ambiri omanga, ndipo imapereka mitundu ingapo yamitundu kuti ikwaniritse zokonda zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsa. Mitundu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ifanane ndikuyika mitundu yachilengedwe ya zida zina zomangira, monga njerwa kapena makoma amiyala, utoto ndi zopachika pakhoma kunja, kuti chilengedwe chikhale chogwirizana komanso chokongola.

Matailosi achitsulo amitundu

Matayala amtundu wa malata amapangidwa ndi mbale zachitsulo zokutira zamitundu, amene amakulungidwa ndi kuzizira m'mbale zosiyanasiyana zamalata. Ndioyenera ku nyumba zamafakitale ndi zachitukuko, nkhokwe, nyumba zapadera, madenga, makoma, ndi zokongoletsera zamkati ndi kunja kwa khoma lazitsulo zazikulu zazitsulo. Iwo ndi opepuka, wamphamvu, wolemera mu mtundu, yomanga yabwino komanso yachangu, osamva chivomezi, osayaka moto, mvula, moyo wautali, ndi kusakonza. Zalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Lili ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa:
⒈Kulemera kwake: 10-14 kg/m2, ofanana ndi 1/30 za makoma a njerwa.
⒉ Thermal conductivity: l<=0.041w/mk.
⒊Nthawi zambiri: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale yotsekera denga kuti ibweretse kulemera, pinda ndi compress; nyumba wamba safuna matabwa ndi mizati.
⒋ Mtundu wowala: Palibe kukongoletsa pamwamba komwe kumafunikira, ndi odana ndi dzimbiri wosanjikiza akuda kanasonkhezereka mbale zitsulo ali ndi nthawi posungira 10-15 zaka.
⒌Kuyika kosinthika komanso kofulumira: Nthawi yomanga ikhoza kufupikitsidwa ndi zambiri kuposa 40%.
⒍Mlozera wa oxygen: (HEI) 32.0 (Provincial Fire Products Quality Inspection Station).

Tile ya ceramic

Tile yatsopano ya ceramic ndi thupi la matailosi amakona anayi, ndi poyambira longitudinal kutsogolo kwa matailosi thupi, choyimitsa matailosi pa thupi la matailosi kumapeto kumtunda kwa poyambira, mbali yakumanzere yolumikizirana ndi kumanja komwe kumadutsana kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa thupi la matailosi, bwana wakumbuyo wakumbuyo kumapeto kwa kumbuyo kwa thupi la matailosi, ndi nthiti yotulukira kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa gawo lokwera kumbuyo kwa thupi la matailosi. Tile ya ceramic iyi ili ndi dongosolo loyenera, ngalande yosalala, ndipo palibe kutayikira madzi. Pamene khazikitsa, ingophimbani chidutswa chilichonse cha matailosi a ceramic pamodzi, zomwe zili zoyenera, zopiringizana mwamphamvu, ndi olumikizidwa mwamphamvu.
Thupi la matailosi likhoza kupangidwa ndi zinthu za ceramic, ndi mkulu flexural ndi compressive mphamvu, yunifolomu kachulukidwe, kulemera kopepuka, ndipo palibe mayamwidwe amadzi. Sichidzawonjezera katundu wa padenga chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa madzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera monga matailosi a silinda ndi matailosi a simenti.. Mbali ya thupi la matailosi ndi yosalala komanso yosalala, ndipo akhoza kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndizinthu zabwino zapadenga za nyumba zamakono.

Tile ya ku Ulaya

Ma tiles aku Europe ndi mtundu watsopano womwe udasinthika ndikusiyana kwamitundu yokongoletsera. Imatengera zinthu zaku Europe ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana panyumba yonseyo.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya matailosi aku Europe. Njira yaikulu yamagulu imachokera ku zipangizo zawo. Pali matailosi adongo, matailosi a konkire amitundu, matayala a malata osakanikirana ndi madzi a asbestosi, glass fiber magnesium corrugated matailosi, magalasi CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa simenti (Mtengo wa GRC) malata, matailosi agalasi, matailosi amtundu wa polyvinyl chloride, ndi zina.
Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Matailo a malata osakanikirana ndi madzi a asbestosi ndi matailosi a simenti amawaya achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba zosavuta kapena zosakhalitsa.. Matailosi onyezimira amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka padenga kapena makoma a nyumba zamaluwa ndi nyumba zakale. Mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito matailosi aku Europe ndi yotakata kwambiri. Matailo aku Europe azinthu zosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana sangangowonetsa masitayelo osiyanasiyana okongoletsa, komanso sewerani ntchito ya matailosi a padenga.