Mitundu Ya Aluminiyamu Ndi Aluminiyamu Aloyi

Aluminiyamu wangwiro

Makhalidwe a aluminiyamu yoyera ndi otsika kwambiri, zomwe ndi 2.72g/cm³, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kachulukidwe kachitsulo kapena mkuwa. Good conductivity ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, chachiwiri pambuyo pa siliva ndi mkuwa. Mankhwala a aluminiyumu amagwira ntchito kwambiri.

Mumlengalenga, pamwamba pa aluminiyamu akhoza kuphatikiza ndi mpweya kupanga wandiweyani Al2O3 zoteteza filimu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwonjezereka kwa okosijeni kwa aluminiyamu. Choncho, aluminiyumu imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri mu mpweya ndi madzi, koma sichingathe kukana asidi, alkali, ndi dzimbiri mchere.

Aluminiyamu ali ndi nkhope yokhazikika ya cubic lattice komanso pulasitiki yabwino (d=50%, ψ=80%). Itha kusinthidwa kukhala mbiri monga mawaya, mbale, mizere, ndi mapaipi kudzera kuzizira kapena kuthamanga kwa kutentha, koma mphamvu yake siili pamwamba, pa b＝80MPa， Pambuyo ozizira processing, σb＝(150～250)MPa。 Choncho aluminiyamu yoyera imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mawaya, zingwe, kutentha kumamira, ndi zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku kapena zosakaniza zomwe zimafuna dzimbiri ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri koma mphamvu zochepa.

Aluminiyamu yoyera yamalonda siili yoyera ngati aluminiyamu yoyera yamankhwala, popeza lili ndi zonyansa monga Fe, Ndipo, ndi zina. ku madigiri osiyanasiyana. Zonyansa zambiri zimapezeka mu aluminiyamu, m'munsi madutsidwe ake, matenthedwe madutsidwe, kukana dzimbiri mumlengalenga, ndi plasticity.

Magulu a aluminiyumu yoyera m'mafakitale m'dziko lathu amapangidwa kutengera malire a zonyansa, monga L1 L2、L3……。 L ndiye munthu woyamba waku China wa Pinyin “aluminiyamu”, ndi kukweza nambala yotsatizana yomwe yalumikizidwa pambuyo pake, kutsitsa chiyero chake.

Aluminiyamu alloy

Aluminiyamu yoyera imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo siyoyenera ngati zomangira. Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zake, njira yothandiza kwambiri ndikuwonjezera zinthu za alloying monga Si, Ku, Mg, Mn, ndi zina. kupanga aluminiyamu alloy (aerolite). Ma aluminiyamu awa ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, komabe otsika osalimba, makamaka mkulu enieni mphamvu (i.e. chiŵerengero cha mphamvu malire ndi kachulukidwe), komanso zabwino matenthedwe madutsidwe ndi dzimbiri kukana.

Gulu la Aluminium Alloys

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kupanga mapangidwe azitsulo zotayidwa, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zitsulo za aluminiyamu zowonongeka ndi zotayira zotayidwa.
Pamene zikuchokera aloyi ndi zosakwana D/point, ikhoza kupanga gawo limodzi lolimba la njira yothetsera ikatenthedwa, yokhala ndi pulasitiki yabwino komanso yoyenera kuwongolera kuthamanga, choncho amatchedwa deformed aluminium alloy.

Ma aluminiyamu aloyi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono kuposa F-point mu deformation, omwe mawonekedwe ake olimba sasintha ndi kutentha ndipo sangathe kulimbikitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha, amatchedwa kutentha mankhwala unreinforced zotayidwa aloyi; Aloyi yokhala ndi kapangidwe pakati pa F ndi D/, amene njira yake yolimba imasintha ndi kutentha, akhoza kulimbikitsidwa ndi kutentha mankhwala, chifukwa chake amatchedwa aluminium alloy yomwe imatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha.

Ma aloyi okhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu kuposa D/point, low melting point eutectic kapangidwe, kuyenda bwino, oyenera kuponya, amatchedwa cast aluminiyamu aloyi, koma osayenerera kukonzedwa kwamphamvu.

Ma aluminiyamu opunduka amathanso kugawidwa kukhala aluminiyamu yotsimikizira dzimbiri, aluminiyumu yolimba, aluminiyumu yolimba kwambiri, ndi aluminiyamu yopukutira molingana ndi mawonekedwe awo akuluakulu.
Ma aluminiyamu otayira amathanso kugawidwa molingana ndi zinthu zazikuluzikulu zopangira ma aloyi: Kuti Inde, Al Ku, Al Mg, Al Zn, ndi zina.

Kutentha mankhwala makhalidwe a zotayidwa aloyi

Aluminiyamu aloyi sangakhoze kusintha mphamvu zawo mwa ozizira mapindikidwe ntchito kuumitsa, komanso kuonjezera mphamvu zawo kudzera kutentha mankhwala – “zaka kuumitsa” njira.
Njira yopangira kutentha kwa aluminiyumu alloy ndi yosiyana ndi yachitsulo. Pambuyo kuzimitsa, kuuma ndi mphamvu yachitsulo nthawi yomweyo kumawonjezeka, pamene pulasitiki imachepa. Ma aluminiyamu omwe ali ndi zigawo pakati pa F ndi D / amatha kutenthedwa kudera la alpha, zotetezedwa, ndi kuzimitsidwa ndi madzi kuzirala kupeza supersaturated alpha olimba njira firiji. Mphamvu zawo ndi kuuma kwawo sikungawonjezeke nthawi yomweyo, koma pulasitiki yawo ndi yabwino kwambiri. Njirayi imatchedwa quenching kapena njira yothetsera.

Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa supersaturated olimba njira analandira pambuyo quenching, pali chizolowezi chotsitsa gawo lachiwiri (kulimbikitsa gawo). Mukasiyidwa kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kutentha pang'ono, maatomu amatha kusuntha mkati mwa latisi ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono kupita kumalo okhazikika, kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ndi kuuma, pamene pulasitiki imachepa. Chodabwitsa cha kulimbitsanso kwa aloyi pambuyo pa chithandizo chamankhwala cholimba pakapita nthawi chimatchedwa “zaka kuumitsa” kapena “zaka kuumitsa”. Kukalamba komwe kumachitika kutentha kwa chipinda kumatchedwa kukalamba kwachilengedwe, pamene kukalamba komwe kumachitika pansi pa kutentha kumatchedwa kukalamba kochita kupanga.

Zowonongeka za aluminiyamu alloy

1. Anti dzimbiri aluminium alloy

Zinthu zazikulu zophatikizira ndi Mn ndi Mg. Mtundu uwu wa alloy ndi gawo limodzi lokhazikika lokhazikika pambuyo popanga ndi kusungunula, kotero ili ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri komanso pulasitiki. Mtundu wa aluminiyamu wotsimikizira dzimbiri umayimiridwa ndi chiyambi cha Chinese Pinyin “LF” kutsatiridwa ndi nambala yotsatizana. Monga LF5, LF11, LF21, ndi zina. Mtundu uwu wa aloyi umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakugudubuza, kuwotcherera, kapena zigawo zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri zokhala ndi katundu wochepa, monga matanki amafuta, mapaipi, mawaya, mafupa opepuka, ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo. Mitundu yonse ya anti dzimbiri aluminiyamu aloyi ndi zotayidwa zotayidwa kuti sangathe kulimbikitsidwa ndi kutentha mankhwala.. Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya alloy, ozizira kuthamanga processing angagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yovuta.

2. Aluminiyamu yolimba

Duraluminium kwenikweni ndi aloyi ya Al Cu Mg yokhala ndi zochepa za Mn. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya duralumin imatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi ukalamba, koma kukana kwawo dzimbiri ndi koyipa, makamaka m'madzi a m'nyanja. Choncho, zida zolimba za aluminiyamu zomwe zimafunikira chitetezo zimakutidwa ndi aluminiyumu yoyera kwambiri kunja kuti apange aluminiyumu yokutidwa ndi aluminiyamu yolimba.. Magiredi olimba a aluminiyamu amagwiritsa ntchito choyambirira cha Chinese Pinyin “LY” kutsatiridwa ndi nambala yotsatizana, monga LY1 (zitsulo zolimba za aluminiyamu), LY11 (aluminiyamu yolimba yokhazikika), ndi ly12 (aluminiyumu yolimba kwambiri).
Aluminiyamu yolimba ndi chinthu chomangika chokhala ndi mphamvu zenizeni zenizeni, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga ndege komanso kupanga zida.

3. Super hard aluminium alloy (SD aloyi)

Ndi aloyi ya Al Cu Mg Zn, zomwe zimapangidwa powonjezera Zn ku aluminiyamu yolimba. Mtundu uwu wa aloyi pakali pano ndiwo aluminum amphamvu kwambiri, ndi mphamvu zapadera kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatchedwa superhard aluminiyamu. Zoyipa zake ndizovuta kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera kutentha kwa ukalamba wochita kupanga kapena zokutira za aluminiyamu.
Gawo la ultra hard aluminiyamu alloy imayimiridwa ndi Chinese Pinyin prefix “LC” kutsatiridwa ndi nambala yotsatizana. Chithunzi cha LC4, Chithunzi cha LC6, ndi zina. amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri, monga matabwa a ndege.

4. Aluminiyamu yopangidwa ndi aloyi

Ndi aloyi ya Al Cu Mg Si yokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zophatikizira, koma zomwe zili mu chinthu chilichonse ndizochepa, chifukwa chake imakhala ndi thermoplastic yabwino komanso kukana dzimbiri, ndipo mphamvu yake ikufanana ndi ya aluminiyamu yolimba. Pambuyo kuzimitsa ndi kukalamba, mphamvu ikhoza kusinthidwa.
Gulu la aluminiyamu yonyezimira imayimiridwa ndi chiyambi cha Chinese Pinyin “LD” kutsatiridwa ndi nambala yotsatizana, monga LD5, LD7, ndi zina. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino yopangira zida, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga kapena kupanga zida zomwe zimanyamula katundu wolemetsa pamayendedwe apandege kapena dizilo..

Onjezani aluminium alloy

Pali mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zotayidwa za aluminiyamu, mwa omwe ma aluminiyumu silicon aloyi amakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yoponya, mphamvu zokwanira, ndi otsika kachulukidwe, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuwerengera zambiri kuposa 50% za kupanga kwathunthu kwa ma aluminiyamu otayidwa. Ma aloyi a Al Si okhala ndi Si (10-13)% Ma aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi silicon aloyi, za eutectic composition, odziwika bwino monga “zitsulo za aluminiyamu za silicon”.

Gulu la aluminiyamu yotayidwa imayimiridwa ndi chiyambi cha Chinese Pinyin “Z”+Al + zizindikiro zina zazikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu “kuponya”. Mwachitsanzo, ZAlSi12 imayimira Al Si alloy yomwe ili ndi 12% Ndipo.

Khodi ya alloy imayimiridwa ndi chiyambi cha Chinese Pinyin “ZL” za “aluminiyamu yachitsulo” kutsatiridwa ndi manambala atatu. Nambala yoyamba imayimira gulu la aloyi, pamene manambala achiwiri ndi achitatu amasonyeza nambala yotsatizana ya alloy.

Chitsanzo ZL102 imayimira kuponyedwa kwa aluminiyamu aloyi ya Al Si mndandanda No. 2.
Casting aluminium alloy nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zopepuka, zosagwira dzimbiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, ndi kukhala ndi zida zamakina. Monga ma pistoni a aluminiyamu, nyumba za zida, zigawo za silinda za injini zoziziritsa madzi, ma crankcases, ndi zina.