Intshayelelo kumaphepha amahlanu aqhelekileyo okuphahla aluminiyam

Intshayelelo kumaphepha amahlanu aqhelekileyo okuphahla aluminiyam

Iithayile zophahla eziqhelekileyo ziquka iithayile zesamente, iithayile zefiberglass, iithayile zentsimbi ezinombala, aluminiyam yophahla sheet,iithayile ze-ceramic, kunye neetayile zokuphahla zesimbo saseNtshona ezibandakanya iindidi ezine zokuqala ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziphathekayo, ngokudibeneyo eyaziwa ngokuba ziithayile zaseYurophu.

Iithayile zesamente

Iithayile zesamente, kwaziwa ngokuba ziithayile zekhonkrithi, bazalelwa ngaphakathi 1919 xa ithayile yesamente yokuqala yehlabathi yasekwa kumazantsi eNgilani, ukuphawula ukuzalwa koshishino olutsha – iithayile zesamente. Iithayile zekhonkrithi zingene kwimarike yaseTshayina amashumi eminyaka. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi, ziye zaqatshelwa ngokubanzi kwaye ziphantse zafana neethayile ezinemibala yesamente kubayili abaninzi, abayili bezakhiwo kunye nabasebenzisi. Kaloku into esetyenziswayo yisamente, kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziithayile zesamente.

Iithayile zesamente eziphezulu ziveliswa ngokuqulunqa i-roller, kwaye phakathi- kunye neemveliso ezithandwayo ezisezantsi zihluzwa ngokubumba okuphezulu phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Imveliso inobuninzi obukhulu, amandla aphezulu, imvula elungileyo kunye nokumelana neqabaka, umphezulu othe tyaba, kunye nobukhulu obuchanekileyo. Iithayile zesamente ezinemibala zinemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Iithayile zesamente zohlobo lwe-roller zinemibala ehlala ixesha elide kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ifanelekile kuzo zombini izindlu eziqhelekileyo kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi kunye nokushisa kwe-villas ephezulu kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo. Ngoko ke, iithayile zesamente ezinemibala lukhetho olutsha kulwakhiwo lwemimandla emitsha yasemaphandleni yobusoshiyali, uluntu lwasezidolophini kunye neeprojekthi zevilla ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukuhlelwa kweethayile zesamente

Iithayile zesamente-iithayile zekhonkrithi ziquka iithayile zobuso (o.k. iithayile eziphambili), iithayile ze-ridge kunye neethayile ezahlukeneyo ze-accessory. Nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeethayile zobuso okwangoku, zinokwahlulwa ikakhulu zibe ngamacandelo amathathu, ezizezi iithayile ezityathiweyo, Iithayile ezimile okwe-S kunye neethayile ezisicaba. Ngokwenkqubo yemveliso, zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: iithayile ezicinezelekileyo kunye neethayile ezibunjiweyo.

1. Iithayile ezigutyungelwe zizitayile zearc-arch. Iithayile zihambelana ngokusondeleyo kwaye zine-symmetry efanelekileyo. Iithayile eziphezulu kunye nezantsi zingabekwa kuphela kumgca ochanekileyo, kodwa nangendlela edibeneyo. Ekubeni iileyile ezithathiweyo aziphezulu, azinakusetyenziswa kuphela njengeethayile zobuso eluphahleni, kodwa kunye nokuhombisa iindonga ezikufutshane 90 izidanga, ngesitayela esisodwa.

2. Iithayile ezimile okwe-S zibizwa ngokuba ziithayile zaseSpain eYurophu. Zinamaza amakhulu kunye nemigangatho enqamlezileyo emile okwe-S. Zigqunywe eluphahleni ukuze zijongwe kude. I-waveform nayo icace kakhulu, kwaye ingqiqo ye-dimensional yomelele ngakumbi kuneethayile ezibotshiweyo. Iithayile ezimile okwe-S ezinombala ohlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubeka azikwazi ukubonisa kuphela isitayile soyilo lwangoku., kodwa ikwabonakalisa ubuhle boyilo lweklasikhi yaseTshayina. Umzekelo, iithayile ezimnyama ezimile okwe-S zisetyenziswa kuphahla lweendlela zokuhlala zaseMing okanye zeQing Dynasty, ezitsha kwaye zilula.

3. Iithayile ezisicaba Olu hlobo lwethayile luye lwathandwa kakhulu e-United States kwixesha elidlulileyo 10 iminyaka kwaye iyimveliso ehlaziyiweyo yeethayile ze-asphalt. Inemibala kwaye ithe tyaba. Ijongeka ngokufana neethayile ze-asphalt ukusuka kude, kodwa inamacala amathathu kwaye inobugcisa xa ijongwe kufutshane. Umzekelo, umqolo ngamnye weethayile unokubekwa ngokucocekileyo okanye ulungelelaniswe ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuyilwa izimbo zobugcisa ezahlukeneyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neethayile zeasphalt, yomelele kwaye inzima, ndingoyiki imimoya enamandla, isichotho, kwaye akukho lula ukuguga. (Inethiwekhi yeHlabathi yezitena kunye neThayile) Iithayile ezisicaba zinokwahlulwa zibe ziithayile ezisicaba zokhuni-ziinkozo, ilitye lokuxelisa iithayile ezisicaba, Golden Eagle iithayile ezisicaba, iithayile zangaphandle eziphindwe kabini kunye neethayile ezisicaba yin-yang ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, ngaloo ndlela kwakheka inkqubo yophahla lwethayile enemibala ethe tyaba. Umphezulu we-tile yelitye elilinganisiweyo lithe tyaba, kwaye imibala exubeneyo kuwo wonke umzimba ifana neepateni zamatye. Ihambelana nodonga oluhonjiswe ngalo “ilitye lenkcubeko” kwaye ilula kwaye ihloniphekile. Ithayile ethe tyaba egqunywe phezulu (umaleko wentlama yesamente enemibala itshizwe phezu komhlaba) ayinemibala kuphela, kodwa igudile, ukwenzela ukuba uthuli kunye nokungcola akukwazi ukuhlala kwi-tile surface, kwaye yonke imvula ilukucoca uphahla. Izixhobo zeetayili zeetayile zekhonkrithi zineendlela ezininzi zokukhetha. Okwangoku zikhoyo iithayile ezingqukuva, iithayile ze-trapezoidal ridge, iithayile zomphetho wegable (ekwabizwa ngokuba ziithayile ze-eaves okanye i-gable ridges), iminqwazi ecaba, iminqwazi ethambekileyo, imiphetho tile caps (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-eaves caps), iithayile ze-eriyali yombane, iithayile ze-ridge ezimbini, iindlela ezintathu iithayile zomqolo, iithayile ezineendlela ezine, umsele iithayile, imijelo yentsimbi engenasici, iipleyiti zokudibanisa ekudibaneni kweendonga kunye neetayile, ii-eves zokuxhasa ii-caps zeethayile zobuso (ubuso ithayile iminqwazi esezantsi), Iithayile zobuso kunye neethayile zethambo Ipleyiti yokuvala (S ithayile ikepusi ephezulu), iilouvers, njl.

Iithayile zeFiberglass

Ubume obukhethekileyo kunye nombala weethayile ze-fiberglass zinokuhambelana neendlela ezininzi zokwakha. Nokuba zizakhiwo zangoku okanye zesintu, iivillas okanye izakhiwo zokuhlala, uphahla olunzima okanye uphahla olulula, iithayile zefiberglass ezinemibala zinokuzisa izitayile zoyilo ezikhethekileyo. Uphahla lwethayile lwefiberglass olunemibala lunokuxhathisa ukhukuliseko olubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ezinjengokukhanya, ubushushu nokubanda, imvula kunye nomkhenkce. Uvavanyo lokulinganisa umlilo luyahlangabezana nomgangatho wesizwe we-A.

Ukongeza ukulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa, iithayile ze-fiberglass ezinemibala ngokwazo zineglue yokuzincamathela eyenziwe ngefomula ekhethekileyo. Xa uchaphazeleka kukukhanya kunye nobushushu kunye nokufikelela kubushushu obusebenzayo, iglu yayo encamathelayo iqala ukuncangathi, ngokuqinileyo unamathele iithayile ezimbini kunye, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa umoya, kwaye inokwenza iithayile zidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo ukuze zenze yonke into, ukuqinisekisa ingqibelelo yophahla, kwaye inokumelana nemimoya ebhudla ngamandla engaphezu kwe-98km/h.

Iithayile ze-fiberglass ezinemibala zisebenzisa amasuntswana abhakiweyo eporcelain aphezulu, engasoze iphele, nophahla aluyi kuba ngumhlwa, indawo, moss, njl. phantsi kweempembelelo zemimandla enzima yasezidolophini njengemvula eneasidi. Iinqununu ezibhakiweyo ze-ceramic ziphathwa ngonyango oluchasene ne-static, ngoko uphahla alulula ukuqokelela uthuli kunye nokwenza amabala acacileyo. Naphantsi kweemeko zemvula yexesha elide, amabala amanzi awayi kuqokelelana. Emva kokuhlanjwa yimvula, iya kubonakala icocekile kwaye ikhanya ngakumbi. I-tile ye-fiberglass enemibala ngokwayo inobomi obude benkonzo, ukusuka kwi 20 ukuya 50 iminyaka. Ukuba ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, Uphahla lwethayile ye-fiberglass enemibala ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci kakhulu okanye akukho nto.
Ukuthambeka kophahla lwethayile yefiberglass enemibala ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-90 °, kwaye ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwethayile ye-fiberglass, inokusetyenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwembonakalo yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Inokubekwa kwi-conical, ngqukuva, uphahla olugobileyo kunye nolunye olukhethekileyo, kwaye unokudlala indima ye-ridge, ithayile ridge, edge, kunye ne-groove.

Ukuhlelwa kweethayile ze-fiberglass

Uhlobo olulodwa olusemgangathweni
Iithayile ze-fiberglass ezisemgangathweni zinokuxhathisa okuqinileyo kunye nokuguquguquka, zimelele kwaye kulula ukuzifaka. Imibala egqibeleleyo kunye netyebileyo kunye nezitayela ziqinisekisa ukuba zihambelana nohlobo lwephahla kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokugqibeleleyo.

Uhlobo olusemgangathweni olumaleko amabini
Itekhnoloji entsha yesakhiwo se-double-layer yenza uphahla lwendabuko lubukeke lutsha. Ubugcisa bayo obukhethekileyo budala umphumo omhle wokunceda, kwaye iimilo ezingaqhelekanga kunye nemibala ziyagxadazela, ebonisa ubuhle obukhethekileyo beklasiki.

Uhlobo lweGoethe
Uhlobo lweGoethe luyinoveli kwaye lufanelekile kuzo zombini izakhiwo zemveli kunye nezanamhlanje. Umphumo wayo ophahleni uyingqayizivele kakhulu. Inkangeleko engaqhelekanga kunye ne-staggered yongeza imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-dynamics engapheliyo kuphahla lwesakhiwo. Nangona iyithayile yomgangatho omnye, ingabonisa isiphumo esisodwa somaleko-mbini. Umva kwakhona uhlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo ngeglue, okwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemveliso kunye nokumelana nomoya.

Uhlobo lwentlanzi
Iithayile zefiberglass zesikali seentlanzi zingasetyenziswa kuphahla olwahlukeneyo, njengengqukuva, i-conical, uphahla olumise okwefeni kunye nolunye olungaqhelekanga. Inkangeleko yayo ekhethekileyo inika uphahla ingqiqo ye-three-dimensional kunye nokuthungwa, ukongeza ubuhle obungenasiphelo kumphezulu ogobileyo.

Uhlobo lukaMosaic
Uyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-hexagonal kunye noyilo lwesithunzi sombala lwenza uphahla lube nesiphumo esifanelekileyo se-mosaic. Imvakalelo iyonke yesakhiwo esogqunywe ngohlobo lwe-mosaic yinoveli, eyodwa kwaye intle kakhulu. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-self-adhesive ngasemva yohlobo lwe-mosaic eveliswe liQela laseHongyuan ligqunywe ngokupheleleyo ngeglu, ukuchasana kwamanzi kunye nomoya ophahleni kuphuculwe.

Uhlobo lwesikwere
I-tile ye-fiberglass yesikwere ifanelekile kwiiphahla ezahlukeneyo. Ukubonakala kwayo okuyingqayizivele kunika iileyili zephahla zendabuko ingqiqo ye-three-dimensional and texture, kwaye inobuxhakaxhaka obuqinileyo kunye nokuguquguquka, yomelele kwaye kulula ukuyifaka. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kweethayile zefiberglass ezinemibala, ifanelekile kwizakhiwo zeemilo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje nge-arc, setyhula kunye nezinye iintlobo zophahla. Iithayile zefiberglass ezinemibala zidibanisa uninzi lweendlela zokwakha, kwaye ibonelela ngoluhlu lweenketho zombala ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zencasa ezahlukeneyo zobuhle. Imibala ingasetyenziselwa ukutshatisa kunye nokumisa imibala yendalo yezinye izinto zokwakha, ezifana nezitena okanye iindonga zamatye, iipeyinti kunye nokuxhonywa eludongeni lwangaphandle, ukuze yenze imo engqongileyo ihambelane ngakumbi kwaye ibe ntle.

Iithayile zentsimbi ezinemibala

Iitayile ezithathiweyo ezinombala zenziwe ngamacwecwe ensimbi enemibala, eziqengqelekayo kwaye zigotywe ngokubanda kwiipleyiti ezahlukeneyo zamathanki. Zifanelekile kwizakhiwo zoshishino kunye nezoluntu, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo, amaphahla, iindonga, kunye nomhlobiso wangaphakathi kunye nodonga lwangaphandle lwezakhiwo zentsimbi ezinkulu. Bakhaphukhaphu, yomelele, utyebile ngombala, ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo nolukhawulezayo, ukumelana neenyikima, ungatshi, imvula, ubomi obude, kunye nesondlo-simahla. Ziye zakhuthazwa ngokubanzi kwaye zasetyenziswa. Inezi mpawu zilandelayo:
⒈Ubunzima obulula: 10-14 kg/m2, ilingana ne 1/30 iindonga zezitena.
⒉ I-Thermal conductivity: l<=0.041w/mk.
⒊Amandla aphezulu: Ingasetyenziswa njengepleyiti yolwakhiwo lwesilingi evalekileyo ukuze ithwale ubunzima, bend and compress; general houses do not need beams and columns.
⒋Bright color: No surface decoration is required, and the anti-corrosion layer of colored galvanized steel plates has a retention period of 10-15 iminyaka.
⒌Flexible and fast installation: The construction period can be shortened by more than 40%.
⒍Oxygen index: (OI) 32.0 (Provincial Fire Products Quality Inspection Station).

Ceramic tile

The new ceramic tile is a rectangular tile body, with a longitudinal groove on the front of the tile body, a tile stopper on the tile body at the upper end of the groove, a left overlap edge and a right overlap edge on the left and right sides of the tile body, a rear claw boss at the lower end of the back of the tile body, and a protruding rear rib on the raised part of the back of the tile body. Le tile ye-ceramic inesakhiwo esifanelekileyo, ukukhupha amanzi agudileyo, kwaye akukho manzi avuzayo. Xa ufaka, vele uwele iqhekeza ngalinye lethayile yeceramic kunye, eluncedo, zigqunywe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye iqhagamshelwe ngokuqinileyo.
Umzimba we-tile unokwenziwa ngezinto ze-ceramic, ngamandla aphezulu okuguquguquka kunye noxinzelelo, ukuxinana okufanayo, ubunzima obulula, kwaye akukho manzi afunxayo. Awuyi kwandisa umthwalo wophahla ngenxa yokufunxa kwamanzi kunye nokunyuka kobunzima njengeethayile zesilinda kunye neetayile zesamente.. Umphezulu womzimba wethayile ugudile kwaye ucaba, kwaye inokuba nemibala eyahlukeneyo. Yimpahla efanelekileyo yophahla kwizakhiwo zanamhlanje.

Ithayile yaseYurophu

Ithayile yaseYurophu luhlobo olutsha oluthe lwavela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa. Izuza njengelifa izinto zaseYurophu kwaye yongeza izinto zesitayile ezahlukeneyo kwisakhiwo sonke.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeethayile zaseYurophu. Eyona ndlela yokwahlulahlula isekelwe kwizinto zabo ezikrwada. Kukho iithayile zodongwe, iithayile zekhonkrithi ezinemibala, i-asbestos yamanzi axutywe ngamathayile ethayile, iithayile zegilasi fibre magnesium corrugated, Ifiber yeglasi yesamente eyomeleziweyo (GRC) iithayile ezityathiweyo, iithayile zeglasi, iithayile ze-polyvinyl chloride ezinemibala, njl.
Uhlobo ngalunye lunosetyenziso olwahlukileyo. Umzekelo, Iasbestos iithayile ezixutyiweyo zamanzi kunye neethayile zesamente zocingo ezinemesh zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizakhiwo ezilula okanye zethutyana.. Iithayile ezikhazimlayo zisetyenziselwa uphahla okanye iithayile zodonga lwezakhiwo zegadi kunye nezakhiwo zakudala. Uluhlu lwezicelo lweethayile zaseYurophu ngokwenene lubanzi kakhulu. Iithayile zaseYurophu zezinto ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo azikwazi ukubonisa kuphela izitayela ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa, kodwa udlale indima esebenzayo yeethayile zophahla.