Isingeniso samashidi okufulela e-aluminium amahlanu ajwayelekile

Amathayili okufulela avamile ahlanganisa amathayela usimende, I-fiberglass tile, umbala tile steel, aluminium ophahleni sheet,amathayili e-ceramic, kanye namathayili okufulela esitayela saseNtshonalanga ahlanganisa izigaba ezine zokuqala ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, ngokuhlanganyela eyaziwa ngokuthi amathayili aseYurophu.

Amathayela kasimende

Amathayela kasimende, eyaziwa nangokuthi amathayela kakhonkolo, bazalelwa e 1919 lapho kumiswa ithayela likasimende lokuqala emhlabeni eningizimu yeNgilandi, okuphawula ukuzalwa kwemboni entsha – tile usimende. Amathayela kakhonkolo asengene emakethe yaseShayina amashumi eminyaka. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo okubanzi, ziye zaqashelwa kabanzi futhi sezicishe zafana namathayili anosimende anombala kubaklami abaningi, abaklami bezakhiwo nabasebenzisi. Ngoba impahla eluhlaza esetshenziswa usimende, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ngamathayela usimende.

Amathayili kasimende asezingeni eliphezulu akhiqizwa ngokwenza ama-roller, futhi phakathi- kanye nemikhiqizo ethandwayo esezingeni eliphansi ihlungwa ngokusebenzisa isikhunta sekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Umkhiqizo unokuminyana okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, imvula enhle kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa, indawo eyisicaba, nosayizi onembile. Amathayela kasimende anombala anemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nempilo ende yesevisi. Amathayili kasimende ohlobo lwerola anemibala ehlala isikhathi eside kanye nezindleko ezimaphakathi. Ilungele kokubili izindlu ezijwayelekile kanye nokufakwa kwamanzi nokushisa kwama-villas aphezulu kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, amathayela asimende anombala ayinketho entsha yokwakhiwa kwezindawo zasemakhaya ezintsha zesocialist, imiphakathi yasemadolobheni kanye namaphrojekthi ama-villa asezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwethayela likasimende

Amathayela kasimende-amathayela kakhonkolo ahlanganisa amathayela obuso (i.e. tile main), amathayili we-ridge kanye nama-tile ahlukahlukene asesekeli. Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zamathayili obuso njengamanje, zingahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi izigaba ezintathu, okungukuthi amathayela kathayela, Amathayili amise okwe-S namathayili ayisicaba. Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza, zingabuye zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: amathayili acindezelwe ngama-roller namathayili abunjiwe.

1. Amathayela amathayela angama-arc-arch kathayela. Amathayili alingana eduze futhi anokulinganisa okuhle. Amathayili angenhla naphansi angabekwa hhayi kuphela emgqeni oqondile, kodwa futhi ngendlela interlaced. Njengoba amathayili athayela awaphezulu, azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuphela njengamathayili obuso ophahleni, kodwa futhi ukuhlobisa izindonga eduze 90 amadigri, ngesitayela esiyingqayizivele.

2. Amathayili amise okwe-S abizwa ngokuthi amathayela aseSpain eYurophu. Anamagagasi amakhulu ama-arch kanye nezigaba ezinqamulayo ezimise okuka-S. Zimbozwe ophahleni ukuze zibukwe kude. I-waveform nayo icace kakhulu, futhi umuzwa wezinhlangothi ezintathu unamandla kakhulu kunamathayela atholwe kathayela. Amathayili amise okwe-S anokucubungula imibala ehlukene nezindlela ezihlukene zokubeka azikwazi ukubonisa kuphela isitayela sezakhiwo zesimanje., kodwa futhi ikhombisa ubuhle bezakhiwo zakudala zaseShayina. Ngokwesibonelo, amathayili amnyama amise okwe-S asetshenziswa ophahleni lwezitayela zokuhlala ze-Ming noma ze-Qing Dynasty, okuyizinto ezintsha nezilula.

3. Amathayela ayisicaba Lolu hlobo lukathayela beludume kakhulu e-United States esikhathini esidlule 10 iminyaka futhi ingumkhiqizo obuyekeziwe wamathayela e-asphalt. Inemibala futhi iyisicaba. Kubukeka kufana namathayili wetiyela uma usuka kude, kodwa inobude obuthathu futhi inobuciko uma ibukwa eduze. Ngokwesibonelo, umugqa ngamunye wama-tile ungabekwa ngobunono noma uhlelwe ngendlela enyakazayo, ngaleyo ndlela kudala izitayela ezahlukene zobuciko. Uma kuqhathaniswa namathayili e-asphalt, inamandla futhi iyasinda, ngingesabi imimoya enamandla, isichotho, futhi akulula ukuguga. (I-World Brick and Tile Network) Amathayili ayisicaba angahlukaniswa abe ngamathayili ayisicaba okhuni-okusanhlamvu, amatshe okulingisa amathayili flat, I-Golden Eagle tile flat, amathayela ayisicaba angaphandle kabili kanye namathayili ayisicaba yin-yang ngokuya ngezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha uhlelo lophahla lwethayela eliyisicaba elinemibalabala. Ingaphezulu lethayela eliyisicaba letshe lokulingisa liyisicaba, nemibala exubile kuwo wonke umzimba ifana namaphethini amatshe. Ihambisana nodonga oluhlotshiswe ngalo “itshe lamasiko” futhi ilula futhi inesizotha. Ithayela eliyisicaba elimbozwe ngaphezulu (ungqimba lokunamathisela usimende olunemibala lufafazwa phezulu) ayinemibala kuphela, kodwa futhi bushelelezi, ukuze uthuli nokungcola akukwazi ukuhlala phezu kwethayela, futhi yonke imvula iwukuhlanza uphahla. Izesekeli ze-tile zama-tile okhonkolo zinezinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha. Okwamanje atholakalayo amathayela ayindilinga, amathayili we-trapezoidal ridge, ama-tile onqenqema lwe-gable (eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-eaves tiles noma ama-gable ridges), ama-ridge caps, ama-ridge caps athambekele, onqenqemeni tile caps (eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-eaves caps), amathayili we-antenna ridge, ama-tile ama-ridge amabili, amathayili we-ridge wezindlela ezintathu, ama-tile ama-ridge wezindlela ezine, khipha amathayili, imisele yensimbi engagqwali, amapuleti okuxhumana lapho kuhlangana khona izindonga namathayela, ama-eves asekela ama-caps amathayela obuso (ubuso tile amakepisi aphansi), Amathayela obuso buka-S namathayela amathambo Ipuleti lokuvala (S tile cap engenhla), ama-louvers, njll.

I-Fiberglass tile

Ukuthungwa okuyingqayizivele nombala wamathayela we-fiberglass ungamesha izitayela eziningi zezakhiwo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhiwo zesimanje noma zendabuko, ama-villas noma izakhiwo zokuhlala, uphahla oluyinkimbinkimbi noma uphahla olulula, amathayela e-fiberglass anemibala angaletha izitayela zezakhiwo ezihlukile. Uphahla lwamathayela we-fiberglass anemibala lungamelana nokuguguleka okubangelwa izimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene njengokukhanya, ukushisa nokubanda, imvula kanye namaqhwa. Ukuhlolwa kokulinganisa umlilo kuhlangabezana nezinga lezinga le-A likazwelonke.

Ngaphezu kokulungiswa ngokulungiswa, amathayela e-fiberglass anemibala ngokwawo aneglue enamathelayo eyenziwe ngefomula ekhethekile. Lapho ithinteka ukukhanya nokushisa futhi ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, ingcina yayo enamathelayo iqala ukunamathela kakhulu, ukuhlanganisa ngokuqinile ama-tile amabili ndawonye, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana komoya, futhi ingenza amathayili ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile ukuze akhe wonke, ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bophahla, futhi ikwazi ukumelana nemimoya enamandla engaphezu kuka-98km/h.

Amathayela e-fiberglass anemibala asebenzisa izinhlayiya ezibhakwe ngobumba obusezingeni eliphezulu, engasoze yabuna, futhi uphahla ngeke ukugqwala, indawo, ubulembu, njll. ngaphansi kwethonya lezindawo zasemadolobheni ezinokhahlo njengemvula ene-asidi. Izinhlayiya ezibhakiwe ze-ceramic ziphathwa nge-anti-static treatment, ngakho uphahla akulula ukuqongelela uthuli futhi wenze amabala asobala. Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zemvula yesikhathi eside, amabala amanzi ngeke anqwabelane. Ngemva kokugezwa yimvula, izobonakala ihlanzekile futhi ikhanya. Ithayela le-fiberglass elinemibala ngokwalo linempilo ende yesevisi, kusukela 20 ku 50 iminyaka. Uma ifakwe kahle, uphahla lwamathayela we-fiberglass olunemibala ludinga ukulungiswa okuncane kakhulu noma akukho nhlobo.
Umthamo wophahla wethayela le-fiberglass elimibalabala usukela ku-10° ukuya ku-90°, futhi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwethayela le-fiberglass, ingasetshenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusho kokubukeka kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ingabekwa ibe yi-conical, eyindilinga, uphahla olugobile nolunye olumise okukhethekile, futhi ingadlala indima ye-ridge, i-tile ridge, umphetho, kanye ne-groove.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamathayela we-fiberglass

Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesendlalelo esisodwa
Amathayili e-fiberglass ajwayelekile anokumelana okuqinile nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ziqinile futhi kulula ukuzifaka. Imibala nezitayela eziphelele futhi ezicebile ziqinisekisa ukuthi ifanelana nohlobo lophahla nendawo ezungezile ngokuphelele.

Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwezendlalelo ezimbili
Ubuchwepheshe obusha besakhiwo se-double-layer benza uphahla lwendabuko lubukeke lusha. Ubuciko bayo obuyingqayizivele budala umphumela omuhle wokusiza, futhi amajamo nemibala engajwayelekile iyanyakaza, okubonisa ubuhle obuyingqayizivele be-classic.

Uhlobo lwe-Goethe
Uhlobo lwe-Goethe luyinoveli futhi lufanele kokubili izakhiwo zendabuko nesimanje. Umphumela wayo ophahleni uhlukile kakhulu. Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile nokumangelengele kwengeza imibala ehlukahlukene kanye namandla angapheli ophahleni lwesakhiwo. Nakuba kuyi-tile enesendlalelo esisodwa, ingabonisa umphumela ohlukile wezendlalelo ezimbili. Ingemuva libuye limbozwe ngokugcwele ngeglue, okuthuthukisa impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo kanye nokumelana nomoya.

Uhlobo lwesikali sezinhlanzi
Amathayela we-fiberglass yesikali sezinhlanzi angasetshenziswa ophahleni oluhlukahlukene, njenge-spherical, i-conical, uphahla olumise okwefeni nolunye olungajwayelekile. Ukubukeka kwayo okuyingqayizivele kunikeza uphahla umuzwa we-dimensional kanye nokuthungwa, ukwengeza ubuhle obungapheli endaweni egobile.

Uhlobo lukaMose
Idizayini eyingqayizivele ye-hexagonal kanye nethunzi lethunzi lenza uphahla lube nomthelela omuhle we-mosaic. Umuzwa jikelele wesakhiwo embozwe uhlobo lwe-mosaic inoveli, eyingqayizivele futhi enhle ngokwedlulele. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ingemuva elizinamathiselayo lohlobo lwe-mosaic elikhiqizwe i-Hongyuan Group limbozwe ngokuphelele ngeglu, ukumelana kwamanzi nomoya ophahleni kuyathuthukiswa.

Uhlobo lwesikwele
I-tile ye-fiberglass yesikwele ifaneleka ophahleni oluhlukahlukene. Ukubukeka kwayo okuyingqayizivele kunikeza amathayili ophahleni lwendabuko umuzwa we-dimensional and texture, futhi inokumelana okuqinile nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, iqinile futhi kulula ukuyifaka. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwamathayela e-fiberglass anemibala, ifanele izakhiwo ezihlukene, njenge-arc-shaped, isiyingi nezinye izinhlobo zophahla. Amathayela e-fiberglass anemibala ahlanganisa izitayela eziningi zezakhiwo, futhi inikeza uhla lwezinketho zombala ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunambitheka okuhlukile kobuhle. Imibala ingasetshenziswa ukufanisa futhi isuse imibala yemvelo yezinye izinto zokwakha, njengezindonga zezitini noma zamatshe, amapende nezilenge zangaphandle zodonga, ukuze wenze indawo ezungezile ivumelane futhi ibe yinhle.

Amathayela ensimbi anombala

Amathayela anombala enziwe ngamapuleti ensimbi anemibala, asongwe futhi agotshwe kubanda abe amapuleti kathayela ahlukahlukene. Zifanele izakhiwo zezimboni kanye nezomphakathi, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izakhiwo ezikhethekile, uphahla, izindonga, kanye nomhlobiso wodonga lwangaphakathi nangaphandle lwezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi. Balula, eqinile, ecebile ngombala, ukwakhiwa okulula futhi okusheshayo, ukumelana nokuzamazama, ungashi, imvula, impilo ende, futhi akunasondlo. Ziye zakhuthazwa kabanzi futhi zasetshenziswa. Inezici ezilandelayo:
⒈Isisindo esilula: 10-14 kg/m2, elilingana ne 1/30 wezindonga zezitini.
⒉ I-Thermal conductivity: l<=0.041w/mk.
⒊Amandla aphezulu: Ingasetshenziswa njengepuleti lesakhiwo se-ceiling enclosure ukuthwala isisindo, goba futhi cindezela; izindlu ezijwayelekile azidingi imishayo namakholomu.
⒋Umbala ogqamile: Akukho mhlobiso ongaphezulu odingekayo, futhi ungqimba olulwa nokugqwala lwamapuleti ensimbi anombala anesikhathi sokugcina 10-15 iminyaka.
⒌Ukufakwa okuguquguqukayo nokushesha: Isikhathi sokwakha singafinyezwa ngokungaphezu kwalokho 40%.
⒍Inkomba ye-oxygen: (HAYI) 32.0 (Isiteshi Sokuhlola Ikhwalithi Yemikhiqizo Yomlilo Yesifundazwe).

Ithayela le-Ceramic

Ithayela elisha le-ceramic lingumzimba wethayela elingunxande, ngegroove longitudinal ngaphambili komzimba wethayela, i-tile stopper emzimbeni wethayela ekugcineni okuphezulu kwe-groove, unqenqema oludlulele lwesokunxele kanye nomphetho oweqayo ongakwesokudla emaceleni angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla womzimba wethayela, uzipho lwangemuva ekugcineni elingezansi lomzimba wethayela, kanye nombambo olungemuva oluphumile engxenyeni ephakanyisiwe yangemuva yomzimba wethayela. Le tile ye-ceramic inesakhiwo esinengqondo, amanzi abushelelezi, futhi akukho ukuvuza kwamanzi. Uma ufaka, vele udlule ucezu ngalunye lwethayela le-ceramic ndawonye, okuyinto elula, kugqokwe ngokuqinile, futhi ixhumeke ngokuqinile.
Umzimba we-tile ungenziwa ngezinto ze-ceramic, ngamandla aphezulu aguquguqukayo futhi acindezelayo, ukuminyana okufanayo, isisindo esilula, futhi akukho ukumuncwa kwamanzi. Ngeke kwenyuse umthwalo ophahleni ngenxa yokumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nokwanda kwesisindo njengamathayili esilinda namathayela usimende.. Ingaphezulu lomzimba wethayela libushelelezi futhi liyisicaba, futhi ingaba ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Kuyinto ekahle ophahleni impahla izakhiwo zanamuhla.

I-tile yaseYurophu

Ithayela laseYurophu liwuhlobo olusha oluthuthukile ngokuhlukahluka kwezitayela zokuhlobisa. Izuza izakhi zaseYurophu futhi ingeza izakhi zesitayela ezihlukene esakhiweni sonke.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamathayili aseYurophu. Indlela eyinhloko yokuhlukanisa isekelwe ezintweni zabo zokusetshenziswa. Kukhona amathayela obumba, amathayili kakhonkolo anemibala, amathayela kathayela axutshwe namanzi e-asbestos, ingilazi fiber magnesium kathayela tile, usimende oqinisiwe we-fiber fiber (I-GRC) amathayela kathayela, ingilazi tile, amathayili e-polyvinyl chloride anemibala, njll.
Uhlobo ngalunye lunokusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, amathayela kathayela axutshwe namanzi e-asbestos kanye namathayili kasimende wensimbi enezikhala asetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni ezilula noma zesikhashana.. Amathayili akhanyiswe ngokuyinhloko asetshenziselwa uphahla noma amathayela odongeni ezakhiwo zasengadini nezakhiwo zakudala. Ububanzi bokusebenza bamathayela aseYurophu empeleni bubanzi kakhulu. Amathayili aseYurophu ezinto ezahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene awakwazi ukubonisa kuphela izitayela zokuhlobisa ezihlukene, kodwa futhi udlale indima esebenzayo yama-tile ophahleni.