Izinhlobo Ze-Aluminium Ne-Aluminium Alloys

I-aluminium ehlanzekile

Isici se-aluminium ehlanzekile ukuminyana kwayo okuphansi, okungu-2.72g/cm ³, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yensimbi noma ithusi. I-conductivity enhle kanye ne-thermal conductivity, okwesibili ngemuva kwesiliva nethusi. Amakhemikhali e-aluminium asebenza kakhulu.

Emoyeni, ubuso be-aluminium bungahlangana nomoya-mpilo ukwenza ifilimu evikelayo ye-Al2O3 eminyene, evimbela ukukhuphuka kwe-oxidation ye-aluminium. Ngakho-ke, i-aluminium inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle emoyeni nasemanzini, kodwa ayikwazi ukumelana ne-asidi, i-alkali, nokugqwala kukasawoti.

I-Aluminium ine-cubic lattice egxile ebusweni kanye nepulasitiki enhle (d=50%, ψ=80%). Ingacutshungulwa ibe amaphrofayili afana nezintambo, amapuleti, imichilo, kanye namapayipi ngokusebenzisa ukucindezela okubandayo noma okushisayo, kodwa amandla ayo awaphakeme, σb＝80MPa， Ngemuva kokucubungula okubandayo, σb＝(150～250)I-MPa。 Ngakho i-aluminium ehlanzekile isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukwenza izintambo, izintambo, amasinki okushisa, kanye nezidingo zansuku zonke noma ama-alloys adinga ukugqwala nokumelana nokugqwala kodwa izidingo zamandla aphansi.

I-aluminium yokuhlanzeka kwezohwebo ayihlanzekile njenge-aluminium yokuhlanzeka kwamakhemikhali, njengoba iqukethe ukungcola okufana no-Fe, Futhi, njll. ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Ukungcola okwengeziwe kukhona ku-aluminium, i-conductivity ephansi yayo, conductivity ezishisayo, ukumelana nokugqwala komkhathi, kanye nepulasitiki.

Amabanga e-aluminium ehlanzekile yezimboni ezweni lakithi akhiwe ngokusekelwe emkhawulweni wokungcola, njenge L1 L2、L3……。 U-L ungumlingiswa wokuqala we-Chinese Pinyin “i-aluminium”, futhi iphezulu inombolo yokulandelana enamathiselwe ngemva kwayo, ehlisa ubumsulwa bayo.

Ingxube ye-aluminium

I-aluminium ehlanzekile inamandla aphansi futhi ayifaneleki njengempahla yesakhiwo. Ukuthuthukisa amandla ayo, indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukwengeza izakhi ze-alloying ezifana ne-Si, Cu, Mg, UMn, njll. ukwenza i-aluminium alloy (i-aerolite). Lawa ma-alloys e-aluminium anamandla aphezulu, kodwa namanje ukuminyana okuphansi, ikakhulukazi amandla athile aphezulu (i.e. isilinganiso somkhawulo wamandla kuya kokuminyana), kanye ne-conductivity enhle yokushisa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Aluminium Alloys

Ngokusho kokwakheka kanye nezici zenqubo yokukhiqiza yama-alloys e-aluminium, zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ama-alloys e-aluminium akhubazekile kanye nama-alloys e-cast aluminium.
Lapho ukwakheka kwe-alloy kungaphansi kuka-D/point, ingakha isakhiwo sesisombululo esiqinile sesigaba esisodwa lapho sishiswa, nge-plasticity enhle futhi efanelekile ukucubungula ingcindezi, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-aluminium deformed alloy.

Ama-alloys e-aluminium anokwakheka okuncane kunephoyinti lika-F ekuwohlokeni, okwakhiwa kwesisombululo esiqinile akushintshi ngokushisa futhi akukwazi ukuqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa, abizwa ngokuthi ama-alloys e-aluminium angaqinisiwe; Ingxubevange enokwakheka phakathi kuka-F no-D/, okwakhiwa kwesixazululo esiqinile kushintsha nezinga lokushisa, ingaqiniswa ukwelashwa okushisa, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-aluminium alloy engaqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa.

Ama-alloys anokwakheka okukhulu kuno-D/iphoyinti, indawo encibilikayo ephansi isakhiwo se-eutectic, ukugeleza okuhle, ilungele ukulingisa, abizwa ngokuthi ama-aluminium alloys, kodwa ayifanele ukucutshungulwa kwengcindezi.

Ama-alloys e-aluminiyamu akhubazekile angahlukaniswa abe yi-aluminium yobufakazi bokugqwala, i-aluminium eqinile, i-aluminium eqinile, kanye ne-aluminium eyenziwe ngokwezici zabo zokusebenza eziyinhloko.
Ama-alloys e-casting aluminium nawo angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngezakhi eziyinhloko ze-alloying: KuYebo, Al Ku, Al Mg, Al Zn, njll.

Izici zokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-aluminium alloy

Ama-alloys e-Aluminium awakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa amandla awo ngokusebenzisa ukuqina komsebenzi we-deformation obandayo, kodwa futhi athuthukise amandla abo ngokwelashwa okushisa – “iminyaka yobudala” indlela.
Indlela yokwelapha ukushisa ye-aluminium alloy ihlukile kuneyensimbi. Ngemva kokuphothula, ubulukhuni namandla ensimbi akhula ngokushesha, kuyilapho ipulasitiki iyancipha. Ama-alloys e-aluminium anezingxenye eziphakathi kuka-F no-D/angashiswa endaweni yesigaba se-alpha, i-insulated, futhi sicinywe ukupholisa amanzi ukuze kutholwe izixazululo eziqinile ze-alpha ze-supersaturated ekamelweni lokushisa. Amandla nobulukhuni babo angeke kwandiswa ngokushesha, kodwa ipulasitiki yabo ithuthuke kakhulu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukucisha noma ukwelashwa kwesixazululo.

Ngenxa yokungaqini kwesisombululo esiqinile se-supersaturated esitholwe ngemva kokucisha, kukhona ukuthambekela kokwehla kwesigaba sesibili (isigaba sokuqinisa). Ngemva kokushiywa ekamelweni lokushisa isikhathi esithile noma ukushiswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ama-athomu anamandla okuhamba ngaphakathi kwe-lattice futhi kancane kancane ashintshele esimweni esizinzile, okubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla nobulukhuni, kuyilapho ipulasitiki iyancipha. Isenzakalo sokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwe-alloy ngemva kokwelashwa kwesisombululo esiqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubizwa “iminyaka yobudala” noma “iminyaka yobudala”. Inqubo yokuguga eyenziwa ekamelweni lokushisa ibizwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwemvelo, kuyilapho inqubo yokuguga eyenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ibizwa ngokuthi ukuguga okwenziwa.

Ingxube ye-aluminium ekhubazekile

1. I-Anti Rust aluminium alloy

Izakhi eziyinhloko ze-alloying yi-Mn ne-Mg. Lolu hlobo lwe-alloy luyisisombululo esiqinile sesigaba esisodwa ngemuva kokubumba nokuhlanganisa, ngakho-ke inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nepulasitiki. Ibanga le-aluminium elivimbela ukugqwala limelwe isiqalo se-Chinese Pinyin “LF” kulandelwa inombolo elandelanayo. Njenge-LF5, LF11, LF21, njll. Lolu hlobo lwe-alloy lusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukugoqa, ukushisela, noma izingxenye zesakhiwo ezimelana nokugqwala ezinemithwalo ephansi, njengamathangi kawoyela, amapayipi, izintambo, imithwalo elula yamathambo, nemishini yasendlini ehlukahlukene. Zonke izinhlobo ze-anti rust aluminium alloys zingama-alloys e-aluminium angeke aqiniswe ukwelashwa kokushisa.. Ukuze uthuthukise amandla we-alloy, ukucubungula ukucindezela okubandayo kungasetshenziswa, okungakhiqiza ukuqina komsebenzi.

2. Ingxube ye-aluminium eqinile

I-Duraluminium ngokuyisisekelo iyingxubevange ye-Al Cu Mg enenani elincane le-Mn. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-duralumns zingaqiniswa ukuguga, kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala kwabo kubi, ikakhulukazi emanzini olwandle. Ngakho-ke, izingxenye ze-aluminiyamu eqinile ezidinga ukuvikelwa zigoqwe nge-aluminium ehlanzekile ngaphandle ukuze zenze izinto eziqinile ze-aluminium ehlanganiswe ne-aluminium. Amabanga e-aluminium eqinile asebenzisa isiqalo se-Chinese Pinyin “LY” kulandelwa inombolo elandelanayo, njenge-LY1 (i-rivet aluminium eqinile), I-LY11 (i-aluminium eqinile ejwayelekile), kanye ne-LY12 (i-aluminium eqinile enamandla aphezulu).
I-Aluminiyamu eqinile iyimpahla yesakhiwo enamandla athile aphezulu, esetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezindiza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi.

3. Super hard aluminium alloy (SD ingxubevange)

Ingxubevange ye-Al Cu Mg Zn, eyenziwe ngokungeza i-Zn ku-aluminium eqinile. Lolu hlobo lwe-alloy okwamanje luyingxube ye-aluminium enamandla kakhulu, ngamandla athile aphezulu, yingakho ibizwa nge-superhard aluminium. Okubi nakho wukumelana nokugqwala okungekuhle, okungase kukhuphule izinga lokushisa lokuguga lokwenziwa noma i-aluminium enamathela.
Ibanga le-ultra hard aluminium alloy limelelwa isiqalo se-Chinese Pinyin “LC” kulandelwa inombolo elandelanayo. I-LC4, I-LC6, njll. zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezibalulekile ezinokucindezeleka okukhulu, njengemishayo yendiza.

4. Ingxube ye-aluminium ehlanganisiwe

Ingxubevange ye-Al Cu Mg Si enezinhlobonhlobo zezakhi ze-alloying, kodwa okuqukethwe kwe-elementi ngayinye kuphansi kakhulu, ngakho inokumelana okuhle kwe-thermoplastic nokugqwala, futhi amandla ayo afana nalawo e-aluminium eqinile. Ngemva kokucisha nokuguga, amandla angathuthukiswa.
Ibanga lengxubevange ye-aluminium efojiwe imelwe isiqalo se-Chinese Pinyin “LD” kulandelwa inombolo elandelanayo, njenge LD5, LD7, njll. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokuqamba, ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa ukubumba noma ukubumba izingxenye ezithwala imithwalo esindayo ezindizeni noma ezitimeleni zikadizili.

Faka ingxube ye-aluminium

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-cast aluminium alloys, phakathi kwazo ama-aluminium alloys e-silicon anokusebenza okuhle kokuphonsa, amandla anele, kanye nokuminyana okuphansi, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi, accounting for more than 50% ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwama-alloys e-aluminium ekhonjiwe. Ama-al Si alloys aqukethe i-Si (10-13)% ama-alloys e-aluminium ajwayelekile kakhulu, okuyingxenye yokwakheka kwe-eutectic, eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-silicon aluminium alloys”.

Ibanga le-cast aluminium alloy limelelwa isiqalo se-Chinese Pinyin “Z”+I-Al+ezinye izimpawu zezinto ezinkulu kanye nephesenti lokuqukethwe kwegama “phonsa”. Ngokwesibonelo, I-ZAlSi12 imele ingxube ye-Al Si equkethe 12% Futhi.

Ikhodi ye-alloy imelwe isiqalo se-Chinese Pinyin “ZL” kwe “i-aluminium” kulandele izinombolo ezintathu. Idijithi yokuqala imele isigaba sengxubevange, kuyilapho idijithi yesibili neyesithathu ibonisa inombolo yokulandelana kwengxubevange.

Isibonelo i-ZL102 simele ingxubevange ye-aluminium yokuphonsa yochungechunge lwe-Al Si No. 2.
I-casting aluminium alloy ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezingasindi, ukumelana nokugqwala, abe nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ube nezakhiwo ezithile zemishini. Njengama-pistons e-aluminium, izindlu zezinsimbi, izingxenye zesilinda senjini epholile ngamanzi, ama-crankcase, njll.